Where does this water which eventually provides us with so much groundwater, come from?

Rainfall (precipitation), an integral part of the hydrological cycle, is the source of all fresh water on the earth. We tend to misjudge the enormous quantity of water brought down from rainfall in our neighbourhood. For example, the volume of 1 metre (1000 mm) of rainfall that falls over 1 hectare (10000 sq. m) of [...] Read more

Which rock formations are suitable for transmitting groundwater?

From the hydrogeology point of view, rock formations are categorized conveniently as unconsolidated (loose), consolidated (hard) and semi-consolidated. Recent and older alluviums are unconsolidated sedimentary formations, usually as alternate beds of sand and clay (or shale) with varying thickness and proportion. The sand formation is a natural carrier of water; the coarser the grain size [...] Read more

We get so much water from underground rocks. Are there natural streams flowing underground?

Groundwater moves through porous rock formations, similar to water flowing through a sponge with interconnected pores. In nature, no space remains empty. Therefore, the pore space within the underground rock formations, no matter how small, remains filled either with air or water (sometimes oil and gas in deeper formations). Given a continuous supply, water enters [...] Read more

How are harmful elements like Iron, Arsenic, and Fluoride removed from drinking water? 

Common methods of treating drinking water to remove/reduce the TDS and other harmful ions like Iron, Arsenic and Fluoride are Membrane separation Oxidation-flocculation-filtration Use absorbents such as activated alumina, activated carbon, chemical resins, etc. Any of the above techniques are used either exclusively or in combination, depending on the proposed usage and the size of [...] Read more